ROBERT FRANK ~ THE DARWIN ECONOMY ~ 2011

~ ITI-NRA-TLUAGWTPTL-MT-OBOITTTCOTW-DTMVFOM ~ If There Is – No Realistic Alternative – To Living Under A Government With The Power To Levy – Mandatory Taxes – Our Best Option Is To Try To Create One That Will – Deliver The Most Value For Our Money

~ ATOAA-NOGR-B-A-DTA ~ A Tax On Any Activity – Not Only Generates Revenue – But – Also – Discourages The Activity

~ AA-RD-‘SE’-AT-‘COB’-‘SOC’-A-‘CTWWLOL’-B-IAVC-B-VE-LAR-C-SE ~ Antigovernment Activists – Reliably Denounce – “Social Engineering” – Attempts To – “Control Our Behaviour” – “Steer Our Choices” – And – “Change The Way We Live Our Lives” – But – It’s A Vacuous Compliant – Because – Virtually Every – Law And Regulation – Constitutes – Social Engineering

~ LAHAT-O-SL-SS-TL-SE-I-I-SB-NS-IWOLPTCUHTO ~ Laws Against Homicide And Theft – Noise Ordinances – Speed Limits – Stop Signs – Traffic Lights – Social Engineering – Is – Inescapable – Simply Because – Narrow Self-Interest Would Otherwise Lead People To Cause Unacceptable Harm To Others

~ EDRBTHAIODLTWMRBTUO ~ Every Dollar Raised By Taxing Harmful Activities Is One Dollar Less That We Must Raise By Taxing Useful Ones

~ WGS-OC-SBCWP ~ Wasteful Government Spending – Of Course – Should Be Cut Whenever Possible

~ IETSH-S-WCPITGHNUM-MSNHIACWLIITTAH-AIFWDCATMOTGATH-OPOP ~ It’s Easy To See How – Someone – Whose Core Philosophy Is That Government Has No Useful Mission – Might See No Harm In Appointing Cronies With Little Interest In The Task At Hand – Appointing Incompetent Friends Who Don’t Care About The Mission Of The Government Agencies They Head – Often Plays Out Poorly

~ TSFWT-EPW-ISIII-PW-IAMETET-PW ~ The Search For Ways To – Eliminate Private Waste – Is Still In Its Infancy – Private Waste – Is Actually Much Easier To Eliminate Than – Public Waste

~ TIP-ITTUDA-WRMS-SHO-PPQ-ATEOPRR-SATAPOIFDHASQ ~ The Important Point – Is That The Ultimate Decision About – Whether Regulation Makes Sense – Should Hinge On – Purely Practical Questions – About The Efficacy Of Proposed Regulatory Remedies – Slogans About The Absolute Primacy Of Individual Freedom Don’t Help Answer Such Questions

~ ICBAI? ~ Is Cost Benefit Analysis Immoral?

~ DAGR-EBCAB-ITE-QRWSRTDAQPO-WRSWD? ~ Defending Any Given Right – Entails Both Costs And Benefits – In The End – Questions Regarding Which Specific Rights To Defend Are Quintessentially Practical Ones – Which Rights Should We Defend?

~ DAGRCBFTWVI-B-IAGC-NJFTTWETR-BA-FTWBIRBI ~ Defending Any Given Right Creates Benefits For Those Who Value It – But – It Also Generates Costs – Not Just For Those Tasked With Enforcing The Right – But Also – For Those Whose Behavior Is Restricted By It

~ TITMTWPWPFBT ~ The Infrastructure That Made Their Wealth Possible Was Paid For By Taxes

~ TOAT-SE-I-CA ~ The Only Alternative To – Social Engineering – Is – Complete Anarchy

~ AT-RMF-HBAC-IOI-FO-HSFTB-U-MOTAHBCBMPABEOTPS-APWBML-I-WCA-I-FV-A-TRBSAM ~ Attempts To – Remedy Market Failure – Have Been A Central – If Often Implicit – Focus Of – Human Societies From The Beginning – Unfortunately – Many Of Those Attempts Have Been Compromised By Misguided Perceptions At Both Ends Of The Political Spectrum – Additional Progress Will Be More Likely – If – We Can Abandon – Ill-Founded Views – About – The Relationship Between Success And Merit

~ IWTOBTAATSUPCSTRBTU-IAINTRA ~ If We Think Of Being Taxed As Akin To Some Unknown Person Confiscating Something That Rightfully Belongs To Us – It’s Almost Impossible Not To React Angrily

~ IPTTOTROGLITOS-TATTOTROBLIOF ~ If People Tend To Overlook The Role Of Good Luck In Their Own Success – They Also Tend To Overlook The Role Of Bad Luck In Others’ Failures

~ TPFITTWJL ~ The Plan Fact Is That They Were Just Lucky

~ TPFPTPHANRTKTFBTTAECITLM-GTETWIROPIFBT-TPHNMMS ~ The Prevailing Framework Presumes That People Have A Natural Right To Keep The Full Bounty Their Talents And Efforts Command In The Labor Market – Given The Extent To Which Incomes Rest On Public Investment Financed By Taxes – That Presumption Has Never Made Much Sense

~ WHNPRTBT-HTOTEWIEG-TCIOR-A-SQ ~ We Have No Persuasive Reasons To Believe That – Higher Taxes On Top Earners Would Inhibit Economic Growth – This Claim Is Often Repeated – And – Seldom Questioned

~ IWC-TTR-TNHORTRWN-B-TGN-IT-CTCBLOTEWHTIIAW ~ If We Can’t – Tax The Rich – There’s No Hope Of Raising The Revenue We’ll Need – But – The Good News – Is That – Certain Taxes Can Be Levied On Top Earners Without Harming Their Interest In Any Way

~ TOHACTBKA-PT ~ Taxes On Harmful Activities Came To Be Known As – Pigouvian Taxes

~ TPOAPTGHSESRTC ~ The Price Of Any Product That Generates Harmful Side Effects Should Reflect Their Cost

~ MPSDHV ~ Many Public Services Deliver High Value

~ TPSOO-PP-IRDHB-ACOS-T-CMTTNOTACWF ~ The Primary Source Of Our – Political Paralysis – In Recent Decades Has Been – A Collection Of Slogans – That – Completely Misrepresent The True Nature Of The Actual Choices We Face

~ PA-WABC-U-APSFATCHTO-A-RE ~ Personal Autonomy – Will Always Be Compromised – Unless – All Problems Stemming From Activities That Cause Harm To Others – Are – Resolved Efficiently

~ T-BL-ITI-SR-DMT-TEP-ALAP-TSAOTE-TPAOEC ~ The – Bottom Line – Is That If – Society’s Rules – Don’t Make The – Total Economic Pie – As Large As Possible – They Squander An Opportunity To Enhance – The Personal Autonomy Of Every Citizen

~ B-GG-DJH-IMBNC-STB-R-SHHUFTKOSMOUWTLI ~ But – Good Government – Doesn’t Just Happen – It Must Be Nurtured Carefully – Starve The Beast – Rhetoric – Surely Hasn’t Helped Us Forge The Kind Of Society Most Of Us Want To Live In

~ ANOW-AGTTTREB-ATEGWFOO-BTCRH-TOCEAOTO-IWTTDTBWTLTP ~ Almost No One Wants – A Government That Tries To Regulate Every Behavior – A Truly Effective Government Would Focus Only On – Behaviors That Cause Real Harm – That Others Cannot Easily Avoid On Their Own – It Would Try To Discourage Those Behaviors With The Lightest Touch Possible

JAMES KWAK ~ ECONOMISM ~ 2017

~ BEATROI ~ Bad Economics And The Rise Of Inequality

~ E-ROTPT-PCAM-BAT-TA-TDIOAE101T-ETTABTDVNHTITRW ~ Economism – Rests On The Premise That – People – Companies – And – Markets – Behave According To – The Abstract – Two-Dimensional Illustrations Of An Economics 101 Textbook – Even Though The Assumptions Behind Those Diagrams Virtually Never Hold True In The Real World

~ EIAILTWPMSOR-BICTAO-‘E’-ECBAPRT ~ Economism Is An Interpretive Lens Through Which People Make Sense Of Reality – Because It Claims The Authority Of – “Economics” – Economism Can Be A Powerful Rhetorical Tool

~ WSEACSMP-ITWTMOJ-TESO-ATITIG-WETFOAATCI ~ While Superficial Economic Arguments Can Serve Multiple Purposes – In Today’s World They Most Often Justify – The Existing Social Order – And The Inequality That It Generates – While Explaining The Futility Of Any Attempt To Change It

~ RARWQTSM-A-ATITST-ITS-EILAI ~ Reducing All Real-World Questions To Simple Models – And – Answering Them In The Same Terms – In This Sense – Economism Is Like An Ideology

~ TCJFGDOW-INLTTSHWDBG-OTTSOTFIRFTPOTS-I-IIN-EC-BIITNOOAESTPTGGTTGN ~ The Common Justification For Great Disparities Of Wealth – Is No Longer That The Social Hierarchy Was Dictated By God – Or That The Survival Of The Fittest Is Required For The Progress Of The Species – Instead – Inequality Is Necessary – Even Celebrated – Because It Is The Natural Outcome Of An Economic System That Provides The Greatest Good To The Greatest Number

~ TAOETPA-AS-RT-RD-IOSOIS ~ The Ability Of Economism To Pass As – Abstract Science – Rather Than – Rhetorical Device – Is One Source Of Its Strength

~ EIAIBOISEAEP-A-C-U-POTW-WCBCQAE-DW-MAUF ~ Economism Is Also Influential Because Of Its Sedative Elegance And Explanatory Power – A – Clean – Uncluttered – Picture Of The World – Which Can Be Communicated Quickly And Easily – Dispensing With – Messy And Uncooperative Facts

~ ASSOAC-BOAUA-HB-WICS ~ A Small Set Of Abstract Concepts – Based On Admittedly Unrealistic Assumptions – Has Become – Widespread In Contemporary Society

~ IALETMAC-ITAWOSADC-TII-ITRWOPAI ~ It’s A Lot Easier To Make A Case – In The Abstract World Of Supply And Demand Curves – Than It Is – In The Real World Of People And Institutions

~ IGPPWTBUTAISOS-WTSTIOTG-O-PIWAFIOTW ~ Ideas Gain Power Precisely When They Become Useful To An Important Segment Of Society – When They Support The Interests Of That Group – Or – Provide It With A Favorable Interpretation Of The World

~ BBTPO-PT-SI-A-WP-CCTBUWEFTPOPTO ~ Befuddled By The Popularity Of – Progressive Taxes – Social Insurance – And – Welfare Programs – Commentators Continue To Blame Unfamiliarity With Economics For The Popularity Of Policies They Oppose

~ M-IC-WDNSIEI-ARATVOE ~ Many – Influential Commentators – Who Do Not Specialize In Economic Issues – Also Routinely Adopt The Vocabulary Of Economism

~ TM-NE-BMIASWOPADSAEI ~ The Media – Normalize Economism – By Making It A Standard Way Of Presenting And Discussing Social And Economic Issues

~ FC-WSGWHBACPQ-ERTQFTPSTTAROT-IWT-CLM-PT-P-I-S ~ For Centuries – Who Should Get What Has Been A Central Political Question – Economism Removes The Question From The Political Sphere To The Abstract Realm Of Theory – In Which The – Competitive Labor Market – Provides The – Perfect – Indisputable – Solution

~ OOTCPOEIT-T-A-V-V-B-AU-YCMTAEUAS-A-DD-TITHTDPFWATMSWOIPTSMDETOE ~ One Of The Core Principles Of Economism Is That – Taxes – Are – Very – Very – Bad – As Usual – You Can Make The Argument Easily Using A Supply-And-Demand Diagram – The Idea That Higher Taxes Discourage People From Working And Therefore Make Society Worse Off Is Probably The Single Most Deeply Entrenched Tenet Of Economism

~ MPABUOTTR-MHBFDABNOSCIROR-B-OPR-SA-‘SWILOAE’ ~ Many People Are Blissfully Unaware Of Their Tax Rates – Most Human Beings’ Financial Decisions Are Based Not On Sophisticated Calculations Involving Rates Of Return – But – On Primitive Rules – Such As – “Save Whatever Is Left Over After Expenses”

~ LTRITAOMTTGHTB-RTCATTPS ~ Lower Tax Revenues Increase The Amount Of Money That The Government Has To Borrow – Reducing The Capital Available To The Private Sector

~ TSMST-LITWISAG-DHUTS-LPKMOTSDNAMTTWM ~ The Simple Model Saying That – Lower Investment Taxes Will Increase Savings And Growth – Doesn’t Hold Up To Scrutiny – Letting People Keep More Of Their Salaries Does Not Always Motivate Them To Work More

~ AGISAMBWWOCAOSTWDNTTPSTLAE-AS-TQOWTAWDOWFWEFOGAHWIFT ~ A Government Is Simply A Mechanism By Which We Organize Certain Aspects Of Society That We Do Not Trust The Private Sector To Look After Effectively – And So – The Question Of Whether Taxes Are Worthwhile Depends On What Functions We Expect From Our Government And How Well It Fulfills Them

~ TGPOAWITSTBOWPBIEP ~ The Greatest Power Of A Worldview Is To Set The Boundaries Of What People Believe Is Even Possible

~ ERM-FTP-HBIACWBIAWOE-IFC ~ Economism’s Rosy Model – Failed To Predict – How Both Individuals And Companies Would Behave In A World Of Ever-Increasing Financial Complexity

~ I2008-WRTLTACMDNMETCFTIMPU-I-P-SBLBPACTMTIGIWTDLDAWR-SOATMS ~ In 2008 – We Relearned The Lesson That A Competitive Market Does Not Magically Ensure That Capital Flows To Its Most Productive Uses – Instead – Profit-Seeking Behavior Leads Both People And Companies To Maximize Their Individual Gains In Ways That Distort Lending Decisions And Waste Resources – Sometimes On A Truly Monumental Scale

~ TMTNCALAMCTE-A-CRASTLTETTBWSTNCI ~ The Megabanks That Nearly Collapsed Are Larger And More Complex Than Ever – And – Capital Requirements Are Still Too Low To Ensure That Those Banks Will Survive The Next Crisis Intact

~ IARWLM-TADCCL ~ In A Real-World Labor Market – Trade Agreements Do Create Clear Losers

~ TGAOEHBT-RAPI-AAL-E-T-U-SN-FFSTW ~ The Great Achievement Of Economism Has Been To – Repackage A Political Ideology – As A Lightweight – Easy-To-Use – Seemingly Neutral – Framework For Seeing The World

~ BCTSO-AT-EDTTIADAA-TWSITWII-IYDA-YMNU-E101 ~ By Claiming The Status Of – Absolute Truth – Economism Denies That There Is Any Debate At All – The World Simply Is The Way It Is – If You Don’t Agree – You Must Not Understand – Economics 101

~ EPAIRIOCPI-PCTOAAA-WPOTTM ~ Economism Plays An Important Role In Our Contemporary Political Institutions – Prioritizing Certain Types Of Analyses And Arguments – While Pushing Others To The Margins

~ FASTBR-CMANE-TMAB-PDPI-TPEF-MP-SC-A-SAESOR ~ For A Society To Become Rich – Competitive Markets Are Not Enough – There Must Also Be – Pluralistic Democratic Political Institutions – That Prevent Elites From – Monopolizing Power – Suppressing Competitors – And – Seizing An Excessive Share Of Resources

~ U-IWTA-NW-TDBWTO ~ Ultimately – It Will Take A – New Worldview – To Do Battle With The Old

JARON LANIER ~ YOU ARE NOT A GADGET ~ 2010

~ LOFCC ~ Lords Of The Computing Clouds

~ FANP ~ Fragments Are Not People

~ TMITAATIHICP ~ The Most Important Thing About A Technology Is How It Changes People

~ PIIT ~ Politics Influences Information Technology

~ ESP-B-ITU ~ Entrenched Software Philosophies – Become – Invisible Through Ubiquity

~ TCSBLTTL ~ Technology Criticism Should Be Left To The Luddites

~ NE ~ Network Effect

~ CT ~ Cybernetic Totalists

~ DM ~ Digital Maoists

~ MOMFDWM ~ Many Of My Friends Disagree With Me

~ WDYDWTTACTTL? ~ What Do You Do When The Techies Are Crazier Than The Luddites?

~ LOD ~ Levels Of Description

~ OI ~ Oracle Illusion

~ RTBTMM ~ Race To Be The Most Meta

~ ATPLOA ~ Aggregate The Previous Layers Of Aggregation

~ TIOHLM ~ The Illusion Of High-Level Metaness

~ IDDTBF ~ Information Doesn’t Deserve To Be Free

~ WIOHARAIIN? ~ What If Only Humans Are Real And Information Is Not?

~ IIAE ~ Information Is Alienated Experience

~ EITOPTCDI ~ Experience Is The Only Process That Can De-Alienate Information

~ IOTKTP-WTBF-INBASOOOM-A-WNOIO-IWNSIIDGWIW ~ Information Of The Kind That Purportedly – Wants To Be Free – Is Nothing But A Shadow Of Our Own Minds – And – Wants Nothing On Its Own – It Will Not Suffer If It Doesn’t Get What It Wants

~ MICOBKIARS-ITEOAHB ~ Machine Intelligence Can Only Be Known In A Relative Sense – In The Eyes Of A Human Beholder

~ PDTIOTMMSS-ATT ~ People Degrade Themselves In Order To Make Machines Seem Smart – All The Time

~ COE-WYCTCOYC-YCYCOY ~ Circle Of Empathy – When You Change The Contents Of Your Circle – You Change Your Conception Of Yourself

~ ITD ~ Infelicitous Technological Designs

~ OMRTTCOSNANTMOTN-TRCITAOTF-B-TCHYTAIASW ~ One Must Remember That The Customers Of Social Networks Are Not The Members Of Those Networks – The Real Customer Is The Advertiser Of The Future – But – This Creature Has Yet To Appear In Any Significant Way

~ TNDDI ~ The Net Doesn’t Design Itself

~ AFPP ~ Anonymous Fragmentary Pseudo-People

T-INASO-II-B-TSQOTOW ~ Trolling – Is Not A String Of – Isolated Incidents – But – The Status Quo In The Online World

~ IOV ~ Ideology Of Violation

~ TROTCAPTR ~ The Rules Of The Cloud Apply Poorly To Reality

~ MEPITC ~ Meta Equals Power In The Cloud

~ MNTIITDAG ~ Morality Needs Technology If It’s To Do Any Good

~ PWFOAOTFAKOAOSLATCTCUWWTILSFEAO ~ People Will Focus On Activities Other Than Fighting And Killing One Another Only So Long As Technologists Continue To Come Up With Ways To Improve Living Standards For Everyone At Once

~ TDOE ~ The Devaluation Of Everything

~ U&U ~ Unobtrusive And Useful

~ IYWTK-WRGO-IA-SOI-FTM ~ If You Want To Know – What’s Really Going On – In A – Society Or Ideology – Follow The Money

~ RTTFOS-P ~ Reciprocity Takes The Form Of Self-Promotion

~ CITBPNBA ~ Culture Is To Become Precisely Nothing But Advertising

~ IMIFT-A-IO-M-J-A-A-TASIMCWMTTOB ~ If Money Is Flowing To – Advertising – Instead Of – Musicians – Journalists – And – Artists – Then A Society Is More Concerned With Manipulation Than Truth Or Beauty

~ ICIW-TPWSTB-EAC ~ If Content Is Worthless – Then People Will Start To Become – Emptyheaded And Contentless

~ PALOTC ~ Peasants And Lords Of The Clouds

~ AWBTDUFPOM-IIFP-WHAP ~ Are We Building The Digital Utopia For People Or Machines – If It’s For People – We Have A Problem

~ MAAGOTWPM-SNHWETWBTB ~ Maybe After A Generation Or Two Without Professional Musicians – Some New Habitat Will Emerge That Will Bring Them Back

~ TF-ACRTBBHA-EC-B-T-F-A-ER-AAR-TIOEIT-AOI-HB-THD ~ Thus Far – All Computer-Related Technologies Built By Humans Are – Endlessly Confusing – Buggy – Tangled – Fussy – And – Error-Ridden – As A Result – The Icon Of Employment In The – Age Of Information – Has Been – The Help Desk

~ POTHD ~ Planet Of The Help Desks

~ CEC ~ Computationally Enhanced Corruption

~ CHMIEFCTPETTTTANAOTOS ~ Computers Have Made It Easier For Criminals To Pretend Even To Themselves That They Are Not Aware Of Their Own Schemes

~ TWOFCTTPI2008WSCB ~ The Wave Of Financial Calamities That Took Place In 2008 Were Significantly Cloud Based

~ NOITP-DEHTMVCTLTHOHITWWRAATN ~ No One In The Pre-Digital Era Had The Mental Capacity To Lie To Him- Or Herself In The Way We Routinely Are Able To Now

~ WOTCTCTC?-ALF ~ Who Owns The Cloud That Connects The Crowd? – A Lucky Few

~ EHAISABI-UTAAIP ~ Entitlement Has Achieved Its – Singularity – And – Become Infinite – Unless The Algorithm Actually Isn’t Perfect

~ TGUSOTNI ~ The Grand Unified Scam Of The New Ideology

~ ASCIWBHVIOBF-AEWGPFTB ~ A Social Contract In Which Bits Have Value Instead Of Being Free – And Everyone Would Get Paid For Their Bits

~ WADOIS-MWB ~ Without A Degree Of Imposed Scarcity – Money Would Be Valueless

~ AVITAOTLT ~ A Volunteer In The Army Of The Long Tail

~ TWPOTOWARHS ~ The Wrong People Often Take Over When A Revolution Happens Suddenly

~ ETMELMATFCHT-FTCTATG ~ Even The Most Extreme Libertarian Must Admit That – Fluid Commerce Has To Flow Through Channels That Amount To Government

~ WMSOH-A-EOR-IOTBB ~ We Must See Ourselves Honestly – And – Engage Ourselves Realistically In Order To Become Better

~ E-IA-HTB-M-ASORWCC-W-RTWCC ~ Economics – Is About – How To Best – Mix – A Set Of Rules We Cannot Change – With – Rules That We Can Change

~ TUTOF ~ The Unbearable Thinness Of Flatness

~ OCIFOTWAIWBTWWB ~ Online Culture Is Fixated On The World As It Was Before The Web Was Born

~ TOAHBATC-L-PC-IHBSGAC-NO ~ The Open Approach Has Been Able To Create – Lovely – Polished Copies – It Hasn’t Been So Good At Creating – Notable Originals

~ WITNM?-EI-R/R/R ~ Where Is The New Music? – Everything Is – Retro / Retro / Retro

~ WMS-R-IS-IIITRITC ~ What Makes Something – Real – Is That – It Is Impossible To Represent It To Completion

~ ESAP ~ Encapsulation Serves A Purpose

~ BFSL-FLS ~ Been Fast So Long – Feels Like Slow

~ SJ ~ Silicon Juvenilia

~ DC:WAWOJ ~ Digital Culture: Wave After Wave Of Juvenilia

~ PC ~ Postsymbolic Communication