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PAUL KRUGMAN ~ END THIS DEPRESSION NOW! ~ 2012

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~ ETD-WBA-F-G-EFAE-ETWA-P/E/P-I-I-WED ~ Ending This Depression – Would Be A – Feel-Good – Experience For Almost Everyone – Except Those Who Are – Politically / Emotionally / Professionally – Invested – In – Wrongheaded Economic Doctrines

~ ITDO-BP-A-BI-TGUITD-BPABA-T-F-B-FALTTWVW-NFTNAAW-B-FAHOVWVIP ~ It Took Decades Of – Bad Policies – And – Bad Ideas – To Get Us Into This Depression – Bad Policies And Bad Ideas – That – Flourished – Because – For A Long Time They Worked Very Well – Not For The Nation As A Whole – But – For – A Handful Of – Very Wealthy – Very Influential – People

~ BEP-CSHSES ~ Big Economic Problems – Can Sometimes Have – Simple / Easy – Solutions

~ CTWYMT-DDNMSAAWP:OPDIAPA-S-TWIUBTAODOT ~ Contrary To What You Might Think, Debt Does Not Make Society As A Whole Poorer: One Person’s Debt Is Another Person’s Asset – So – Total Wealth Is Unaffected By The Amount Of Debt Out There

~ TCSOTWE:RN:DCS-A-CWS ~ The Current State Of The World Economy: Right Now: Debtors Can’t Spend – And – Creditors Won’t Spend

~ L-RD-CW-IOA-FG-U-IFT ~ Leverage – Rising Debt – Compared With – Income Or Assets – Feels Good – Until – It Feels Terrible

~ ALADLAFL-BEE-ALTB-FAFB ~ As Long As Debt Levels Are Fairly Low – Bad Economic Events – Are Likely To Be – Few And Far Between

~ OT-TPT-DIS-LT:MRLS;BAF-A-D-THOB;OLOLITER ~ Over Time – The Perception That – Debt Is Safe – Leads To: More Relaxed Lending Standards; Business And Families – Alike – Develop – The Habit Of Borrowing; Overall Level Of Leverage In The Economy Rises

~ ‘F’-AEF-WC ~ “Flexibility” – A Euphemism For – Wage Cuts

~ A-A-T-B-CIW-LEITSP-EFOT-IREI-B-TLODRTS ~ An – Across-The-Board – Cut In Wages – Leaves Everyone In The Same Place – Except For One Thing – It Reduces Everyone’s Income – But – The Level Of Debt Remains The Same

~ CLO-CB-S/D/P-BD-IR-AAA-R-SIGI-B-TWB-TACTBKA-‘TW’ ~ Collateralized Loan Obligations – Created By – Slicing / Dicing / Pureeing – Bad Debt – Initially Received – AAA – Ratings – Sucking In Gullible Investors – But – Things Went Bad – These Assets Came To Be Known – As – “Toxic Waste”

~ CDS-HBPTTIWSBSEHITAL-WTWW-TI-DHALEMTMGOTP ~ Credit Default Swaps – Helped Banks Pretend That Their Investments Were Safe Because Someone Else Had Insured Them Against Losses – When Things Went Wrong – The Insurers – Didn’t Have Anything Like Enough Money To Make Good On Their Promises

~ TFE-WWA-RLOD-A-A-ICATR-W-M-IN-R ~ Those Few Economists – Who Worried About – Rising Levels Of Debt – And – An – Increasingly Casual Attitude Toward Risk – Were – Marginalized – If Not – Ridiculed

~ SBS-RAR-PIP-T-PABC-WD-EI-RWU-TDWA-CFS-TCODAFTKRUWABFITDSATCTF ~ Step By Step – Rules And Regulations – Put In Place – To – Protect Against Banking Crises – Were Dismantled – Equally Important – Regulations Weren’t Updated – To Deal With A – Changing Financial System – This Combination Of Deregulation And Failure To Keep Regulations Updated Was A Big Factor In The Debt Surge And The Crisis That Followed

~ TAT-BG-FT-FC-FAITFOEACLATF-A-TATGATF-SO-DD ~ The Attempt To – Blame Government – For The – Financial Crisis – Falls Apart In The Face Of Even A Cursory Look At The Facts – And – The Attempts To Get Around Those Facts – Smack Of – Deliberate Deception

~ DWMDTIALO-MAS-I-T-AWW-M-TRCT-FD-HLT-GIO-EP-G-WAS ~ Deregulation Was More Dangerous Than Its Advocates Let On – Movers And Shakers – Insisted – That – All Was Well – Moreover – They Routinely Claimed That – Financial Deregulation – Had Led To – Greatly Improved Overall – Economic Performance – Growth – Was Actually Slower

~ FA-SBI-M-HTEO-FD-A-GD-WIATO-EIG ~ For A – Small But Influential – Minority – However – The Era Of – Financial Deregulation – And – Growing Debt – Was Indeed A Time Of – Extraordinary Income Growth

~ OAM-AH-TSO-T-TM-I-E ~ Owning And Maintaining – A House – The Size Of – The – Taj Mahal – Is – Expensive

~ EB-TCO2008-IWHTSW-FD-WCASS ~ Even Before – The Crisis Of 2008 – It Was Hard To See Why – Financial Deregulation – Was Considered A Success Story

~ YTW(ASI)-A-SD-ASC-T-TEOD-WOO-ET ~ Yet There Was (And Still Is) – A – Strange Delusion – Among Some Commentators – That – The Era Of Deregulation – Was One Of – Economic Triumph

~ W-SP-T-KOP-W-S-SC-O-FT-DIE-EGITI ~ Well – Some People – The – Kind Of People – Who – Say – Sponsor Conferences – On – Financial Theory – Did Indeed Experience – Extraordinary Growth In Their Income

~ UQR-TWASAME-T-T-IOTVR-WA-PSFS-TTIBI-T-OWC-RTI-TPO-SEJ-MTRTI-WT-EA-PWZ-FA-F-WAT-HG-PTIO-TW ~ Until Quite Recently – There Was A Sense Among Many Economists – That – The – Incomes Of The Very Rich – Weren’t A – Proper Subject For Study – That The Issue Belonged In – Tabloids – Obsessed With Celebrities – Rather Than In – The Pages Of – Sober Economics Journals – Merely To Raise The Issue – Was To – Enter A – Political War Zone – Fierce Attacks – From – What Amount To – Hired Guns – Protecting The Interests Of – The Wealthy

~ ROHI-DLI-A-S-A-D-W ~ Recipients Of High Incomes – Don’t Live In – A – Supply-And-Demand – World

~ The Fact That A Return To Pre-Depression Levels Of Inequality – Was Followed By A Return To Depression Economics Could Be Just A Coincidence

~ M-B-I;BM-B-BI ~ Money – Buys – Influence; Big Money – Buys – Big Influence

~ TPTGUWWA-W-TNDMFMP-W-FAWAL-VGTAFPATT ~ The Policies That Got Us Where We Are – While – They Never Did Much For Most People – Were – For A While At Least – Very Good To A Few People At The Top

~ T-GPP-O-TR-BS-WTRAR ~ The – Gravitational Political Pull – Of – The Rich – Becomes Stronger – When The Rich Are Richer

~ B-S-1970-TEPRDNKETPAROAR-T-GD-A-T-MOTPPTFWIHL ~ By – Say – 1970 – The Economics Profession Really Did Not Know Enough To Prevent A Recurrence Of Anything Resembling – The – Great Depression – And – Then – Much Of The Profession Proceeded To Forget What It Had Learned

~ T-W-A-IF-NE-T-‘WO-T-A-TICO-NR’-APASRIHTEB ~ There – Was – And – Is – In Fact – No Evidence – That – “Worries Over – Taxes – And – The Increased Costs Of – New Regulation” – Are Playing Any Significant Role In Holding The Economy Back

~ IOB-HWCS-ATME-WRWI ~ Instead Of Being – Helpful When Crisis Struck – All Too Many Economists – Waged Religious War – Instead

~ IS-TSTL-T-BYDOTC-T-PMBCTSTM-T-DTCE-TTMIDSYC ~ It’s Strange – To Say The Least – To – Base Your Demands On The Claim – That – Policy Must Be Changed To Satisfy The Market – Then – Dismiss The Clear Evidence – That The Market Itself Doesn’t Share Your Concerns

~ ‘II’-TBT-PM-S-DUP-IAW-TB-T-NF-O-SAD ~ “Immaculate Inflation” – The Belief That – Printing Money – Somehow – Drives Up Prices – In A Way – That Bypasses – The – Normal Forces – Of – Supply And Demand

HAROLD JOHNS ~ THE POWER OF STORY ~ 2022

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~ WAAS-WATSWAT-A-WATSWTO-TCOCWNTCOS ~ We Are All Story – We Are The Stores We Are Told – And – We Are The Stories We Tell Ourselves – To Change Our Circumstances We Need To Change Our Story

~ TWIOBISBS-ETYTIFBS ~ The Wiring In Our Brains Is Shaped By Story – Every Thought You Think Is Framed By Story

~ SCHASCK ~ Stories Can Heal And Stories Can Kill

~ ASAI-ASHP ~ All Stories Are Important – All Stories Have Power

~ EIAPS-IPAOMT-IWDTOSILWTES-WANLT ~ Economics Is A Powerful Story – It Permeates All Of Modern Thought – If We Don’t Tell Our Story In Line With The Economics story – We Are Not Listened To

BRIAN WATSON ~ HEADED INTO THE ABYSS ~ 2019

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~ C-I-NGTSTLO-2100-PNE-20170-NALIAFTYWTE-MOUAT-TTW-AGTBPO-CAD ~ Civilization – Is – Not Going To See The Light Of – 2100 – Perhaps Not Even – 2070 – Not At Least In Any Form That You’d Want To Experience – Most Of Us Alive Today – Throughout The World – Are Going To Be Part Of – Collapse And Dissolution

~ WMCCAFD-TA-AA-POCMTWCITAMOOD-B-WWNDS ~ We Might Change Course Away From Disaster – There Are – After All – Plenty Of Constructive Measures That We Could Implement To Address Most Of Our Difficulties – But – We Will Not Do So

~ ASOMAT-TS-G-A-TAU ~ All Sorts Of Madnesses Abound Today – Throughout Societies – Globally – And – They Afflict Us

~ TW-H-C-A-H-I ~ Today’s World – Hyper-Connected – And – Hyper-Interdependent

~ MVTUTTAS-TT-O-T-ITB-FTOT-B-TANS-I-TA-C/O/I/H/D/S/L/I/E/R/U ~ Many Voices Tell Us That Things Are Simple – That This – Or – That – Is To Blame – For This Or That – But – Things Are Not Simple – Instead – They Are – Complicated / Overlapping / Interrelated / Historical / Dynamic / Simultaneous / Logical / Illogical / Emotional / Resolvable / Unresolvable

~ O-I-A-E-S-A-TCFTC-WBAMFIHTFU ~ Our – Imagination – And – Emotional – Selves – And – The Contest For Their Control – Will Be A Major Factor In How The Future Unfolds

~ OCADEEO-UP-A-BUBP-WA-S-F-D-A-BI ~ Ordinary Citizens Are Dividing Against Each Other – Using Politics – And – Being Used By Politics – We Are – Splintering – Fragmenting – Deteriorating – And – Becoming Impotent

~ FTLT-WDAA-NMCTP-TWNEFP ~ For The Longest Time – We Didn’t Assign Any – Negative Monetary Costs To Pollution – There Was No Explicit Financial Penalty

~ T-GE-I-MAS ~ The – Gig Economy – Is – Mostly A Scam

~ TEIDW-I-WE-ITF-B-NAD-A-TPWO ~ The Economy Is Doing Well – If – We Essentially – Ignore The Future – Both – Near And Distant – And – The Path We’re On

~T-I-AAF-A-NN ~ Technology – Is – Always A Force – And – Never Neutral

~ EJTR-HJ-A-IHE-JTWMNDCB-DBM-WSBVT-AI ~ Even Jobs That Require – Human Judgement – And – Interpreting Human Emotion – Jobs That We Might Not Dream Could Be – Done By Machines – Will Soon Become Vulnerable To – Artificial Intelligence

~ C-C-A-P-W-SNNWTMW-AFTCTMT-RAP ~ Currently – Corporate – And – Political – Winners – See No Need Whatsoever To Mess With – A Formula That Continues To Make Them – Rich And Powerful

~ D-G-W’-II-U-AU-A-AOI-IIUTMUI-I/I/S-S/S/D/A/C-W-AP ~ Data – Gets – “Weaponized” – It Is – Used – Against Us – And – Against Our Interests – It Is Used To Make Us Into – Impulsive / Impressionable / Status-Seeking / Silly / Distracted / Acquisitive / Consuming – Web-Addicted People

~ D-IUT-M/C/D-B-OM-A-OB ~ Data – Is Used To – Modify / Change / Direct – Both – Our Moods – And – Our Behavior

~EANETL-C-KT-T-DS-HB-H/B/HFR/C ~ Enterprises Are Not Eager To Let – Customers – Know That – Their – Digital Systems – Have Been – Hacked / Breached / Held For Ransom / Compromised

~ N-D-C-CTTW-T-H ~ Now – Digital – Computerized – Connected To The Web – Therefore – Hackable

~ MAM-WBR-AC-‘L’-HTDTJ ~ More And More – Will Be Replaced – As Computers – “Learn” – How To Do Their Jobs

~ WAP ~ Without Anyone’s Permission

~ WI-DAU-T-ITEO-TI-A-IRI-E/M/H/W ~ What Is – Different And Unprecedented – Today – Is The Existence Of – The Internet – And – Its Role In – Enlarging / Magnifying / Hardening / Weaponizing

~ WAB-L-T.D-M-E/R-A-MEDBMTSRLOOA ~ We Are Becoming – Less – Tolerant / Discerning – More – Emotional / Reactive – And – More Easily Distracted By Matters That Should Receive Less Of Our Attention

~ PTTEOTI-IWFMDF-P-W-BOA-V-T-FEO-T-STP-A-T-BITN ~ Prior To The Existence Of The Internet – It Was Far More Difficult For – People – With – Bizarre Or Antisocial – Views – To – Find Each Other – To – Sell Their Propaganda – And – To – Be In The News

~ TROTIIC-E/S/TDAAA/TGU/TL/TT-P-W-FALVORAF-A-NTEOS-O-D-O-OVT-TO-TEC-O-T-TIOO-WAACOU-TA ~ The Role Of The Internet In Connecting – Extremists / Sociopaths / The Dangerously Angry And Alienated / The Grossly Uneducated / The Lost / The Traumatized – People – Who – For A Large Variety Of Reasons And Forces – Are – Near The Edge Of Sanity – Or – Desperate – Or – Otherwise Vulnerable To – Their Own – Throbbing Emotional Condition – Or – To – The Influence Of Others – Who Are Also – Consciously Or Unconsciously – Thrashing About

~ HWU-HCT-TOT-A-TEOE ~ Heavy Web Users – Have Come To – Think Of Themselves – As – The Equal Of Experts

~ T-I-O-SMAC-C-VAP-O-YP-MT-A-MIHFTTD-A-HS-A-WC-O-A-BP-T-C/A/C/M-A-E-TLDOO-MS-YP-ABE-TTOTLA-‘B’ ~ The – Interwovenness – Of – Social Media And Commercialization – Changes – Values And Perspectives – Of – Young People – Manipulates Them – And – Makes It Much Harder For Them To Develop – A – Healthily Skeptical – And – Wise Critique – Of – And – Balanced Posture – Toward – Commercialization / Advertising / Consumption / Materialism – And – Even – The Larger Design Of Our – Market System – Young People – Are Being Encouraged – To Think Of Themselves Literally As –”Brands”

~ AJIT-GE-T/I/WB/UU ~ A Job In The – Gig Economy – Temporary / Insecure / Without Benefits / Ultimately Unsustainable

~ OC-F-P-F-A-CAU-A-F-CAE-A-BR ~ Our Capacities – For – Patience – For – Accepting – Complexity And Uncertainty – And – For – Cooperation And Empathy – Are – Being Reduced

~ WL-QT-IOL-WAL-T-CAA-F-DAC-RAI ~ With Less – Quiet Time – In Our Lives – We Are Losing – The – Capacity And Affinity – For – Deep And Critical – Reflection And Introspection

~ WW-I-TP-TB-S-W-F/F/S-I ~ WebWorld – Is – Training People – To Be – Satisfied – With – Fast / Fragmented / Superficial

~ WHE-‘C’-A-ASNOC-AT-AAOC ~ We Have Elevated – “Convenience” – And – A Simple-Minded Notion Of Convenience – At That – Above All Other Considerations

~ ITLTP-F-40Y-STR-STCW-A-F-S/P/A/I-TIWYG ~ If You Lie To People – For – 40 Years – Screw Them Royally – Steal The Country’s Wealth – And – Feed – Suspicion / Paranoia / Anxiety / Ignorance – This Is What You Get

~ MO-HWHTO-T-E/T/D-R-TAT-MC-BTSOOW ~ Media Outlets – Have Worked Hard To Obscure – The – Economic / Technological / Deregulatory – Realities – That Are The – Main Culprits – Behind The Struggles Of Ordinary Workers

~ OI-OC-O-APS-CF-SWEO-WWBATA-T-M-IAT-P-WH ~ Only If – Ordinary Citizens – Of – All Political Stripes – Can Find – Solidarity With Each Other – Will We Be Able To Address – The – Most – Important And Threatening – Problems – We Have

~ WLBN-A-WS-IAC-WCCD ~ We Live By Narratives – And – We Seek – Integration And Coherence – We Can Connect Dots

~ WW-SU-AF-CAD-F-II-HW-A-S-B-T-ASS-T-CATAOS ~ WebWorld – Seduces Us – Away From – Confusing And Difficult – Fare – It Is – Hard Work – And – Sometimes – Boring – To – Adequately Study Something – To – Consider All The Aspects Of Something

~ T-EQOE-AA-IT-I ~ The – Essential Quality Of Ecosystems – Above All – Is Their – Interconnectedness

~ RS-A-S-CDS-MM-HOR ~ Rising Seas – And – Salt-Contaminated Drinking Supplies – Massive Migrations – Hordes Of Refugees

~ F-OE-TS-A-OE-ES-HNR-TT-MPR-OT-P/B/C-W ~ Fundamentally – Our Entire – Technological System – And – Our Entire – Economic System – Have No Relationship – To The – Most Primary Realities – Of The – Physical / Biological / Chemical – World

~ TF-WHMR-F-PTB-EM-D/F/E-~ The Future – Will Hold Many Reasons – For – People To Become – Even More – Depressed / Fearful / Emotional

~ IA-FAD-W-FAE-WCTDTRTP-E-WBT-P-S-B ~ In A – Frightening And Deteriorating World – Fear And Emotions – Will Come To Dominate The Responses That People – Everywhere – Will Bring To – Planetary-Scale-Breakdowns

~ WIMC-I-TTIOATPOTP-WQONRWU-HM-PAW-WG-A-TDTWWU-I-BAC-OT-B ~ What Is Most Critical – Is – The Total Impact Of All The People On The Planet – What Quantity Of Natural Resources We Use – How Much – Pollution And Waste– We Generate – And – The Degree To Which We Upset – Important – Balances And Cycles – Of The – Biosphere

~ V-NB-I-B-B-G/A/D ~ Victimized – Not By – Immigrants – But – By – Globalization / Automation / Deregulation

~ HNOP-W-B-FTF-SC-A-ED ~ Huge Numbers Of People – Will – Be – Forced To Flee – Societal Collapse – And – Ecological Devastation

~ OESNTBMS ~ Our Economic System Needs To Be Made Sustainable

~ TI-A-M-NOWTGF-A-NOWTH ~ This Is – A – Message – No One Wants To Give – And – No One Wants To Hear

JOAN DONOVAN + EMILY DREYFUSS + BRIAN FRIEDBERG ~ MEME WARS ~ 2022

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~ M-POM-T-R-F-DR ~ Meme – Piece Of Media – That – Resonated – For – Different Reasons

~ R/R/R-CASOM ~ Recontextualized / Remixed / Redistributed – Carrying All Sorts Of Meaning

~ M-SM-IA-I-G-STASA-IJ-TTA-I-T-POTO-Y-EWYA-PAA-TCA-POV-A-ATPOTS ~ Memes – Signify Membership – In An – In-Group – Sometimes They Are Such An – Inside Joke – That They Are – Inscrutable – To – People On The Outside – Yet – Even When They Are – Popular And Accessible – They Contain A – Point Of View – And – Announce The Positioning Of The Sharer

~ OHOALM-I-IATB-R/C-O-A-UAIC ~ One – Hallmark Of A Lasting Meme – Is – Its Ability To Be – Recontextualized / Co-Opted – And – Used Against Its Creators

~ TMW-HB-TS-EATL-RTLOTPWDEIT-T-MP-MW-NF-I-P-B-A-LO-FAI-B-I-I-CITBOOSTM-P ~ The – Meme Wars – Have Been – Tremendously Successful – Even As They Largely – Ruined The Lives Of The People Who Directly Engaged In Them – The – Most Powerful – Meme Warriors – Now Face – Indictment – Prison – Bankruptcy – And – Loss Of – Family And Identity – But – Their – Ideas – Carried Into The Bloodstream Of Our Society Through Memes – Persist

~ MW-A-CW-CAI-BOT-IAI-OT-I-W-T-OAE-A-C-R-SAS-A-FTEOTW-IA-N-ES-O-IAW-A-M-COS-P/KU ~ Meme Wars – Are – Culture Wars – Accelerated And Intensified – Because Of The – Infrastructure And Incentives – Of The – Internet – Which – Trades – Outrage And Extremity – As – Currency – Rewards – Speed And Scale – And – Flattens The Experience Of The World– Into A – Never-Ending Scroll – Of – Images And Words – A – Morass – Capable Of Swallowing – Patience / Kindness / Understanding

~ S-YDNARS-TGYITMOP-YJNT-FOTDO-A ~ Suddenly – You Didn’t Need A Radio Show – To Get Your Idea To Millions Of People – You Just Needed To – Figure Out The Desires Of – Algorithm

~ MW-UTIY-CTN-Y-CE ~ Meme Warlords – Understand That If You – Control The Narrative – You – Control Everything

~ WT-COTI-C-INSTCB-MME-H ~ With The – Connectivity Of The Internet – Culture – Is Now Something That Can Be – Much More Easily – Hacked

~ SIFI ~ Spreading Intentionally False Information

~ AEC-I-N-A-T ~ Algorithmic Echo Chambers – Individual – News – And – Timelines

~ PP-E-ITBE-O-ET ~ Political Polarization – Embedded – Into The Back End – Of – Every Tool

~ ASPFH ~ A Safe Space For Hate

~ ESA-L-D-C-OT-I-CC-R-WC-IIHEEBI ~ Even A – Lose – Distributed – Coalition – On The – Internet – Could Cause – Real-World Chaos – If It Had Enough Energy Behind It

~CW ~ Cringe Watching

~ MM-A-J-T-WQAJ ~ Meme Magic – A – Joke – That – Wasn’t Quite A Joke

~ TIO-MM-BIOM ~ The Idea Of – Meme Magic – Became Its Own Meme

~ T-POTC-II-SE-B-II-COS-F-WESTS ~ The – Power Of The Crowd – Isn’t In – Surfacing Evidence – But – In Its – Chorus Of Support – For – Whatever Explanation Seems To Stick

~ WYF-HTAO-PD-WEAFO-OAP ~ Whatever You Find – Has The Aura Of – Personal Discovery – Which Engenders A Feeling Of – Ownership And Pride

~ M-FAT-SG-FC-BTTIACL-W-SIJ-A-SE ~ Memes – Function As The – Social Glue – For Communities – Binding Them Together In A Common Language – With – Shared In-Jokes – And – Sworn Enemies

~ SM-INLA-ET-IWTPOF-SC-B-GVTSG;IHIB-ATOTP-UT-D/H/C-VG ~ Social Media– Is No Loner An – Emerging Technology – Imbued With The Possibility Of Fostering – Social Change – By – Giving Voice To Small Groups; It Has Instead Become – A Tool Of The Powerful – Used To – Dominate / Harass / Coerce – Vulnerable Groups

MIHALY CSIKSZENTMIHALYI ~ CONSEQUENCES OF FLOW ~ THE EVOLVING SELF ~ 1993

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~ C-PWHM-CC-TTA-A-TS-AUVEI-ATSPTTFT-TETW ~ Creativity – People Who Have Made – Creative Contributions – To – The Arts – And – The Sciences – Are Usually Very Eloquent In – Ascribing Their Success Primarily To The Fact That – They Enjoyed Their Work

~ PP-G-A/M/P-M-DS-F-FTA-OTWNPTTTL ~ Peak Performance – Great – Athletes / Musicians / Performers – Must – Derive Some – Flow – From Their Activity – Otherwise They Would Not Push Themselves To The Limit

~ TD-T-FOF-MT-OMOCA-MT-PT/PS/I-WT-BP-OT-DOT ~ Talent Development – The – Frequency Of Flow – More Than – Objective Measures Of Cognitive Ability – More Than – Personality Traits / Parental Status / Income – Was The – Best Predictor – Of The – Development Of Talent

~ P-WWETJ-WBMD-TTWA-E-AOB ~ Productivity – Workers Who Enjoy Their Jobs – Will Be More Dedicated – Than Those Who Are – Either – Anxious Or Bored

~ S-E-PWSMTIF-GRHS-E ~ Self-Esteem – People Who Spend More Time In Flow – Generally Report Higher Self-Esteem

~ SR-FHP ~ Stress Reduction – Fewer Health Problems

~ CA-ITS-TIE-WP-A-GI-QOE-A-HA-PH ~ Clinical Applications – Identify Those Situations – That If Expanded – Would Promote – A – Greatly Improved – Quality Of Experience – And – Hence A – Possible Healing

MIHALY CSIKSZENTMIHALYI ~ CHARACTERISTIC DIMENSIONS OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE ~ THE EVOLVING SELF ~ 1993

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~ CG-OIDD-OKIHWOID ~ Clear Goals – Objective Is Distinctly Defined – One Knows Instantly How Well One Is Doing

~ OF-AD-A-RH-A-TAMB-OPATA ~ Opportunities For – Acting Decisively – Are – Relatively High – And – They Are Matched By – One’s Perceived Ability To Act

~ AAA-M-O-P-O-M ~ Action And Awareness – Merge – One-Pointedness – Of – Mind

~ ASO-PC ~ A Sense Of – Potential Control

~ LOS-C-TOEB ~ Loss Of Self-Consciousness – Transcendence Of Ego Boundaries

~ ASO-G-A-O-BPOSGE ~ A Sense Of – Growth – And – Of – Being Part Of Some Greater Entity

~ ASO-T-STPF ~ Altered Sense Of – Time – Seems To Pass Faster

~ EBA-WDFIOS ~ Experience Becomes Autotelic – Worth Doing For Its Own Sake

~ U-F-CBEIATA-D-RT-C-TLT-E-IO-H ~ Unfortunately – Flow – Can Be Experienced In Activities That Are – Destructive – Rather Than – Constructive – That Lead To – Entropy – Instead Of – Harmony

MICHAEL SHERMER ~ THE SCIENCE OF GOOD & EVIL ~ 2004 ~ 999

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~ TBA-FFMA-OCPAMPHDBF-MP-R-MR ~ To Be A – Fully Functioning Moral Agent – One Cannot Passively Accept Moral Principles Handed Down By Fiat – Moral Principles – Require – Moral Reasoning
~ M:RAW-TAB-ITCOTROASG ~ Morality: Right And Wrong – Thoughts And Behaviors – In The Context Of The Rules Of A Social Group
~ E:T-SS-O-A-TA-M-TAB-ITCOTROASG ~ Ethics: The – Scientific Study – Of – And – Theories About – Moral – Thoughts And Behaviors – In The Context Of The Rules Of A Social Group
~ LBTW-S-ECR-FT-POBF-HDVMO-BC-T-FG-A-T-A-EX-A-A-OV ~ Long Before There Were – State-Enforced Constitutional Rights – For The – Protection Of Basic Freedoms – Humans Devised Various Mechanisms Of – Behavioral Control – To – Facilitate Goodwill – And – To – Attenuate – Excessive Greed – Avarice – And – Other Vices
~ T-RF-O-H-VAV-SAS-IF-IA-COAIP-O-MAI-B ~ The – Religious Foundation – Of – Human – Virtues And Vices – Saints And Sinners – In Fact – Is A – Codification Of An Informal Psychology – Of – Moral And Immoral – Behavior
~ HAA-HS-PS-AAS-RAM-AA-SS-T-ET ~ Humans Are A – Hierarchical Social – Primate Species – And As Such – We Need – Rules And Morals – And A – Social Structure – To – Enforce Them
~ RMS-SATEI-J/C/I-A-MO-EMS-SATEBIP(TMROOPS)A-TOMO~ Religious Moral Systems – Such As Those Expressed In – Judaism / Christianity / Islam – Are – Millennia Old – Evolutionary Moral Systems – Such As Those Expressed By Indigenous Peoples (The Modern Remnants Of Paleolithic Societies) Are – Tens Of Millennia Old
~ W-Q-ADF-H-Q ~ Why – Questions – Are Different From – How – Questions
~ AHSACH ~ All Humans Share A Common Humanity
~ WCCA-MS-TIN-DA-N-IR-A-PM-FAAOS-TP-EE-A-A-RBFB-SASOM-SAM-UAY-E-AETW-ET-W-BAS-O-MOTS-A-O-AS ~ We Can Construct A – Moral System – That Is Neither –Dogmatically Absolute – Nor – Irrationally Relative – A – Provisional Morality – For An Age Of Science – That Provides – Empirical Evidence – And – A – Rational Basis For Belief – Such A System Of Morality – Suggests A More – Universal And Tolerant – Ethic – An Ethic That Will – Ensure The – Well-Being And Survival – Of – All Members Of The Species – And – Of – All Species
~ M-ITEDO-HS ~ Morality – Is The Exclusive Domain Of – Homo Sapiens
~ AA-I-HA-A-JTTS-A-ITOT-CIAGS ~ All Animals – Including – Human Animals – Are – Just Trying To Survive – And – It Turns Out That – Cooperation Is A Good Strategy
~ IATTSOPP-R-HASAAIO-SO-A-BC-TROPMS-A-TPONO-BACRO-R-L-O;T-C-S-SAM-N-A-WT-IOW-L-C-T-I-S-SAT ~ In Addition To The Sanction Of Political Power – Religion – Has Also Served As An Institution Of – Social Order – And – Behavior Control – The Reinforcement Of Positive Moral Sentiments – And – The Punishment Of Negative Ones – Became A Central Role Of – Religious – Leaders – And – Organizations; They – Codified – Subjective – Social And Moral – Norms – And – With The – Invention Of Writing – Literally – Canonized – Them – In – Sacred – Scrolls And Texts
~ TWO-GAM ~ The Wedding Of – God And Mammon
~ B-SS-‘LTN’-M-O-IF/EF/C-‘O-G’-WTBDWC-TWT-CWF-DBWWC ~ Before State – Societies – “Love The Neighbor” – Meant – One’s – Immediate Family / Extended Family / Community – “Out-Groupers” – Were To Be Dealt With Cautiously – Trust Was Tentative – Conflict Was Frequent – Death By War Was Common
~ M-A-T-MN-150 ~ Morality – And – The – Magic Number – 150
~ LO-SGS-A-RTTCCO-HM-AT-HADEB-ITOT-150-IRTNOLD-C/G/GC-A-PC-WPIFG-AT-B-O-H-G-P ~ ~ Limits On – Social Group Size – Are – Related To The Carrying Capacity Of – Human Memory – And Thus – Have A Deep Evolutionary Basis – It Turns Out That – 150 – Is Roughly The Number Of Living Descendants – Children / Grandchildren / Great-Grandchildren – A – Paleolithic Couple – Would Produce In Four Generations – At The – Birthrate – Of – Hunter-Gather – Peoples
~ WGGL-TSISG-W?-TAI-MD-A-BC-OGE-200P-A-HS-INT-ETROC-A-TDWO-WITSGCBDWT-IPC-A-SP ~ When Groups Get Large – They Split Into Smaller Groups – Why? – The Answer Is – Moral Discipline – And – Behavior Control – Once Groups Exceed – 200 People – A – Hierarchical Structure – Is Needed To – Enforce The Rules Of Cooperation – And – To Deal With Offenders – Who In The Smaller Group Could Be Dealt With Through – Informal Personal Contracts – And – Social Pressure
~ IOTPTGO-R-YNTK-WBNS-A-WYWTTSY-TIIGTTSAOP-MCKA-G-ATO-SC-TC-CN ~ In Order To Play The Game Of – Reciprocation – You Need To Know – Whose Back Needs Scratching – And – Who You Will Trust To Scratch Yours – This Information Is Gathered Through Telling Stories About Other People – More Commonly Known As – Gossip – A Tool Of – Social Control – Through Communicating – Cultural Norms
~ M-S-A-B-WI-CI-ES-B-R-REAT-SS-T-ETROHI ~ Moral – Sentiments – And – Behaviors – Were Initially – Codified Into – Ethical Systems – By – Religion – Religion Emerged As The – Social Structure – To – Enforce The Rules Of Human Interactions
~ W-BAT-GWT-CAS-RDATP-SI-TF-CAG-ITSB-EAAS-D-EGAS-P-COC-A-RTLOCTTGT-SE-S-RR ~ ~ When – Bands And Tribes – Gave Way To – Chiefdoms And States – Religion Developed As The Principal – Social Institution – To Facilitate – Cooperation And Goodwill – It Di So By – Encouraging – Altruism And Selflessness – Discouraging – Excessive Greed And Selfishness – Promoting – Cooperation Over Competition – And – Revealing The Level Of Commitment To The Group Through – Social Events – And – Religious Rituals
~ PC-WPMB-NS-NC-A-MS-WAA-PSB-CS ~ Paleolithic Communities – Were Primarily Molded By – Natural Selection – Neolithic Communities – And – Modern Societies – Were And Are – Primarily Shaped By – Cultural Selection
~ IIAMAPO-HN-TBMAIITB-H/H/J/IL ~ It Is As Much A Part Of – Human Nature – To Be Moral As It Is To Be – Hungry / Horny / Jealous / In Love
~ TNCWGOWWAATDO-ALLTBEIYABTDY-LANLITBTL ~ The Normal Cues We Give Off When We Are Attempting To Deceive Others – Are Less Likely To Be Expressed If You Actually Believe The Deception Yourself – Liars Are Not Liars If They Believe The Lie
~ T-COMP-EAAFO-SC-TE-TSOIWG-A-TSOHGT ~ The – Codification Of Moral Principles – Evolved As A Form Of – Social Control – To Ensure – The Survival Of Individuals Within Groups – And – The Survival Of Human Groups Themselves
~ TM-O-PE ~ The Myth – Of – Pure Evil
~ TIN-SF-OOTRO-T-KL-O-N-A-HB-TWCC-E ~ There Is No – Supernatural Force – Operating Outside The Realm Of – The – Known Laws – Of – Nature – And – Human Behavior – That We Can Call – Evil
~ TCS-‘E’-DNLUTADUOTCOEB ~ To Call Something – “Evil” – Does Not Lead Us To A Deeper Understanding Of The Cause Of Evil Behavior
~ ITWNH-TWBNE ~ If There Were No Humans – There Would Be No Evil
~ WETB-M-B-HTCTB-I-SOTT-ISC-WSP-WDAOOUTIAGS-WDOA-CAOV ~ We Evolved To Be – Moral – But – Have The Capacity To Be – Immoral – Some Of The Time – In Some Circumstances – With Some People – Which Direction Any One Of Us Takes In Any Given Situation – Will Depend On A – Complex Array Of Variables
~ FW-HUA-A-FW-IFO-D-A-MC-FOTCW ~ Free Will – Holds Us Accountable – Abandon – Free Will – In Favor Of – Determinism – And – Moral Culpability – Flies Out The Courtroom Window
~ FW-AA-UF-WNAAIYDH-FW-GT-EG-A-SB-TGAWI? ~ Free Will – As A – Useful Fiction – Why Not Act As If You Do Have – Free Will – Gaining The – Emotional Gratification – And – Social Benefits – That Go Along With It?
~ CWCAESWR? ~ Can We Construct An Ethical System Without Religion?
~ IIAHLOM-TB-GFIOS-T-FTCIMB ~ It Is A Higher Level Of Morality – To Be – Good For Its Own Sake – Than – For The Consequences It May Bring
~ PMP:AFMPIMCMOTT-Y-FETAFTWDOH-B/C/C ~ Provisional Moral Principles: Applicable For Most People In Most Circumstances Most Of The Time – Yet – Flexible Enough To Account For The Wide Diversity Of Human – Behavior / Culture / Circumstances
~ B-CMBAS? ~ But – Can Morality Become A Science?
~ EUSCSAU ~ Even Unattended Stimuli Can Subtly Affect Us
~MJ-IN-CR-II-IE ~ Moral Judgment – Is Not – Calculatingly Rational – It Is – Intuitively Emotional
~ CB-PAPRIO-MI ~ Cognitive Biases – Play A Powerful Role In Our – Moral Intuitions
~ PE-A-PJ-ATBWCD-ALAHC-STWM-PTIMB ~ Provisional Ethics – And – Provisional Justice – Are The Best We Can Do – As Long As Humanity Continues – So Too Will Morality – Provisional Though It May Be
~ WCAPBM ~ We Can Also Practice Being Moral

MICHAEL SHERMER ~ PROVISIONAL RIGHT AND WRONG ~ THE SCIENCE OF GOOD & EVIL ~ 2004

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~ A-FP ~ ASK-FIRST PRINCIPLE
~ TFOWAAIROW-AF ~ To Find Out Whether An Action Is Right Or Wrong – Ask First
~ HP ~ HAPPINESS PRINCIPLE
~ IIAHMPTAWHWSEHIM-A-NSHWILTSEU ~ It Is A Higher Moral Principle To Always Seek Happiness With Someone Else’s Happiness In Mind – And – Never Seek Happiness When It Leads To Someone Else’s Unhappiness
~ LP ~ LIBERTY PRINCIPLE
~ IIAHMPTASLWSELIM-A-NSLWILTSELOL ~ It Is A Higher Moral Principle To Always Seek Liberty With Someone Else’s Liberty In Mind – And – Never Seek Liberty When It Leads To Someone Else’s Loss Of Liberty
~ MP ~ MODERATION PRINCIPLE
~ WIPD-EITDOAINV-A-MITPOEINV ~ When Innocent People Die – Extremism In The Defense Of Anything Is No Virtue – And – Moderation In The Protection Of Everything Is No Vice

JOHN TIERNEY + ROY BAUMEISTER ~ SOME PRINCIPLES FOR DEALING WITH BAD APPLES ~ THE POWER OF BAD ~ 2019

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~ PY-MYDWTBA ~ Protect Yourself – Minimize Your Dealings With The Bad Apple

~ RTB-STATONTBSBOIM ~ Rearrange The Barrels – Sometimes The Apple Turns Out Not To Be So Bad Once It’s Moved

~ BCWYL-DC-UC-W-O-YWPAW-WSFAP-A-COI ~ Be Careful Whom You Label – Don’t Confuse – Useful Criticism – With – Obnoxiousness – You Want People Around Who – Will Speak Frankly About Problems – And – Challenge Others’ Ideas

~ DEBATCOTO-TDFGA-NOI-HTB-BA-IWTC-NB ~ Don’t Expect Bad Apples To Change On Their Own – They Differ From Good Apples – Not Only In – How They Behave – But Also – In What They Consider – Normal Behavior

~ ITBA-NS-ADO ~ Isolate The Bad Apples – Night Shift – A Distant Office

~ IE-A-DBSAI-SD ~ Intervene Early – And – Don’t Be Shy About It – Staring Discreetly

~ WEABA-LATWB-IP-OAJ-CSQI ~ When Evaluating A Bad Apple – Look At The Whole Barrel – Individual Performance – Of A Jerk – Can Seem Quite Impressive

~ DFTGATATBB ~ Don’t Force The Good Apples To Adapt To Bad Behavior

~ DHT-FAJ-B-DBAJAI-DNB-ELB-OBOCTASE-WBRMLTANYDFSE ~ Don’t Hesitate To – Fire A Jerk – But – Don’t Be A Jerk About It – Duly Noted By – Everyone Left Behind – One Bit Of Cruelty To A Sacked Employee – Will Be Remembered Much Longer Than Anything Nice You Do For Someone Else

JOHN TIERNEY + ROY BAUMEISTER ~ THE POWER OF BAD ~ 2019

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~ NE ~ Negativity Effect
~ NB/ND/NE:TUTF-N-EAE-TAUMST-P-O ~ Negativity Bias / Negativity Dominance / Negativity Effect: The Universal Tendency For – Negative – Events And Emotions – To Affect Us More Strongly Than – Positive – Ones
~ DBAWOC-B-UBASOP-STHFITC-A-MATFS-BIS-B-GCP-IWKWWUA ~ Devastated By A Word Of Criticism – But – Unmoved By A Shower Of Praise – See The Hostile Face In The Crowd – And – Miss All The Friendly Smiles – Bad Is Stronger – But – Good Can Prevail – If We Know What We’re Up Against
~ B-RT-NE-A-OOIR-WC-BDP-TMEATF-A-ETRBOTB-BL/BN/BF-C-PI-TMP-IF-TMU-S/S/K ~ By – Recognizing The – Negativity Effect – And – Overriding Our Innate Responses – We Can – Break Destructive Patterns – Think More Effectively About The Future – And – Exploit The Remarkable Benefits Of This Bias – Bad Luck / Bad News / Bad Feelings – Create – Powerful Incentives – The Most Powerful – In Fact – To Make Us – Stronger / Smarter / Kinder
~ T-NE-DR-BC-PTAE-SBS-IMP-PP-ED ~ The – Negativity Effect – Destroys Reputations / Bankrupts Companies / Promotes Tribalism And Xenophobia / Spreads Bogus Scares / Ignites Moral Panics / Poisons Politics / Elects Demagogues
~ TASMM-SP-O-FAV-T-MOB-WH-PFAP-B-FTP-A-FH ~ There Are So Many More – Skilled Purveyors – Of – Fear And Vitriol – The – Merchants Of Bad – Who Have – Prospered Financially And Politically – By – Frightening The Public – And – Fomenting Hatred
~ T-UOB-IIPT-STM-A-ETW ~ The – Upside Of Bad – Is Its Power To – Sharpen The Mind – And – Energize The Will
~ BM-C-UF-TDGA ~ Bad Moments – Create – Unconscious Feelings – That Don’t Go Away
~ PEATT-SMES-B-OF-TSOB-CBD-A-WWFH-G-DAWFU ~ Paying Extra Attention To Threats – Still Makes Evolutionary Sense – But – Our Fine-Tuned Sense Of Bad – Can Be Debilitating – And – What Worked For Hunger-Gathers Doesn’t Always Work For Us
~ BT-AHIM-A-TUTMJASA-J-FM ~ Bad Today – Also Has Its Merchants – And – They Use The Media Just As Skilfully As – Junk-Food Marketers
~ WAPT-OOA-AWA-OPTCOD ~ We’re All Prone To – Overestimate Our Abilities – As Well As – Our Power To Control Our Destiny
~ CC-TN-ESO-HT-LTATLEWO ~ Crisis Crisis – The Never-Ending Series Of – Hyped Threats – Leading To Actions That Leave Everyone Worse Off
~ HBIB? ~ How Bad Is Bad?
~ TPW-BAG-YNT-EYRM ~ To – Properly Weigh – Bad Against Good – You Need To – Engage Your Rational Mind
~ PR-TNOGEFEBE ~ Positivity Ratio – The Number Of Good Events For Every Bad Event
~ T-ROF-IT-FGT-T-O-OBT-IDATEPIES-NTEKO-GAB-E-SFOBAIP ~ The – Rule Of Four – It Takes – Four Good Things – To – Overcome – One Bad Thing – It Doesn’t Apply To Every Person In Every Situation – Nor To Every Kind Of – Good And Bad – Event – Some Forms Of Bad Are Incomparably Powerful
~ T-W-T-H-E-NTIBTDWTBOIC-IMAWFOTC ~ The – What-The-Hell – Effect – Now That I’ve Broken The Diet With The Bowl Of Ice Cream – I May As Well Finish Off The Carton
~ TTDOOYH-IOTYFITM-MARB-H-ASR-III-X-S-IWD-Y-ARTTRBCDAII ~ Take The Decision Out Of Your Hands – Instead Of Trusting Your Feelings In The Moment – Make A Rule Before-Hand – A Simple Rule – If I’m In – X – Situation – I Will Do – Y – A Rule That The Rational Brain Can Deploy Against Irrational Impulses
~ WTOSB-A-CS-TG-RTA-NL-TB ~ We’re Too Often Swayed By – A – Clear Short-Term Gain – Rather Than A – Nebulous Long-Term Benefit
~ NIATDTS-A-IHC ~ Negativity Is A Tough Disease To Shake – And – It’s Highly Contagious
~BAT-HYT-RTSSNOS-WDMMFYRT-AGWOD ~ Being Able To – Hold Your Tongue – Rather Than Say Something Nasty Or Spiteful – Will Do Much More For Your Relationship Than – A Good Word Or Deed
~ DO ~ Don’t Overpromise
~ DECFGTEM ~ Don’t Expect Credit For Going The Extra Mile
~ RT-BIITEOTB-AOTSTTTROTW-CDARIILLTOP ~ Remember That – Bad Is In The Eye Of The Beholder – An Offense That Seems Trifling To The Rest Of The World – Can Destroy A Relationship If It Looms Large To One Person
~ PTBMTGU ~ Put The Bad Moments To Good Use
~TBYB ~ Think Before You Blame
~ WYF-BIAIR ~ When You’re Fighting – Bring In An Imaginary Referee
~ GASO ~ Get A Second Opinion
~ SJ ~ Suspend Judgment
~ DTTB ~ Don’t Take The Bait
~ IYMR-DE ~ If You Must Respond – Don’t Escalate
~ FT-NGR-INSMWYDOO-IWYDO ~ Follow The – Negative Golden Rule – It’s Not So Much What You Do Onto Others – It’s What You Don’t Do
~ TFB-B-R-TTBATNS-AIADTT-TBFLOAITEFOD ~ The Fearful Brain – Bad – Rules – Throughout The Brain And The Nervous System – Attention Is Automatically Drawn To Threats – The Brain Focuses Longer On An Image That Evokes Fear Or Disgust
~ WMAACOTOATBFOOMAF ~ We’re Marvellously Adept At Convincing Ourselves That Others Are To Blame For Our Own Mistakes And Failures
~ ACISC ~ A Carrot In Stick’s Clothing
~ C/A/N/O/E ~ Conscientiousness / Agreeableness / Neuroticism / Openness / Extraversion
~ O-L/D/EU-P-WETSTWT-IDMITWOPWMOTG-TSCCFTDD ~ One – Lazy / Disagreeable / Emotionally Unstable – Person – Was Enough To Sabotage The Whole Team – It Didn’t Matter If There Was One Particularly Wonderful Member Of The Group – The Star Couldn’t Compensate For The Dud’s Damage
~ SR-IJOOMVOBN-IAYMSAPTOT ~ Social Rejection – Isn’t Just One Of Many Varieties Of Bad News – It Affects You More Strongly And Profoundly Than Other Types
~ SR-IMST-SA ~ Social Rejection – Is Much Stronger Than – Social Acceptance
~ TFSIDWBAITIT ~ The First Step In Dealing With Bad Apples Is To Identify Them
~ OP-TI-HA-TNE ~ Online Perils – The Internet – Has Amplified – The Negativity Effect
~ CE ~ Counternegativity Experts
~ IYFI-SLTLA-ES-A-R-P-O-CAM-A-SMTLA-SOY-FAF ~ If You’re Feeling Insecure – Spend Less Time Looking At – Elaborately Staged – And – Retouched – Photos – Of – Celebrities And Models – And – Spend More Time Looking At – Snapshots Of Your – Friends And Family
~ T-CC-TEOPNBBC ~ The – Crisis Crisis – The Exploitation Of People’s Negativity Bias By Crisismongers
~ TMOB ~ The Merchants Of Bad
~ T-NB-MUPT-QGAIOIAATWG-AT-GLFMO-T-W-H-I-IETA ~ The – Negativity Bias – Makes Us Prone To – Quickly Generalize Any Individual’s Offence Into Animus Against The Whole Group – And Then – Go Looking For More Offenders – The – Witch-Hunting – Instinct – Is Easy To Arouse
~ RLAGPTW-TSWDAG-OW-HSIWMTEW ~ Remarkably Little Attention Gets Paid To Whether – The Solution Will Do Any Good – Or Whether – History Suggests It Will Make Things Even Worse
~ WA-THDT-IOA-LRDT ~ Worrying About – Tiny Hypothetical Dangers Tomorrow – Instead Of A – Large Real Danger Today
~ S-GPFTP-TP-IOS ~ Stop – Giving Prizes For Terror Pornography – The Publicity – Inspires Other Sociopaths
~ WRONG ~ Page 228 ~ “vaping – safer” ~ vaping (“pens”) mixtures just like tobacco (cigarette) mixtures (you mention this) it’s the additives (details) that make the poison (evil)
~ WRONG ~ Page 243 ~ “fake news” ~ very real polarizing effect on society ~ weaponized by authoritarian states (Russia / China / Iran / Saudi Arabia / North Korea for specific domestic political objectives and generally as destabilizing (polarizing) propaganda directed at their perceived enemies
~ IDEA ~ Climate Change ~ an excellent example of a serious problem (which has sometimes been treated as if it were “tiny hypothetical dangers tomorrow”)